Often dubbed the "Paris of the East," Prague offers a captivating blend of Gothic architecture, rich history, and vibrant culture. Some travelers (myself included) even find its charm surpasses that of its Western counterpart. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a budget traveler, or a first-time visitor, Prague promises an unforgettable experience.
A Glimpse into Prague's Rich History
Prague's history is as intricate as its cobblestone streets:
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Medieval Roots: Founded in the 9th century, Prague became the seat of Bohemian kings and later, the Holy Roman Emperors.
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Habsburg Era: Post the Thirty Years' War, it became a significant city within the Habsburg Monarchy.
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20th Century Turmoil: After World War I, Czechoslovakia emerged, only to face Nazi occupation in 1938. Post World War II, it fell under Soviet influence until the Velvet Revolution in 1989.
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Modern Day: In 1993, after the Velvet Revolution and peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic.
Getting Started: The Essential Walking Tour
One of the best ways to immerse yourself in Prague’s rich history and vibrant culture is by joining a free walking tour. These tours offer insightful narratives about the city’s landmarks and hidden gems, guided by passionate locals. I personally joined both the 100 City Spires walking tour and the Prague Castle tour. Both were insightful, but the Castle tour was especially fascinating.
Exploring Prague: Must-See Attractions
1. Prague Castle Complex
Dominating the city skyline, Prague Castle is the world’s largest ancient castle complex.
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St. Vitus Cathedral: A soaring Gothic masterpiece that took over 600 years to complete (possibly making them the slowest builders ever).
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Old Royal Palace: Historic home of kings with the vast Vladislav Hall.
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Golden Lane: A quaint row of colorful cottages, once home to castle guards and goldsmiths.
Don't miss the stunning city views from the castle’s ramparts.
2. Charles Bridge
This iconic 14th-century stone bridge connects the Old Town with Lesser Town.
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Baroque Statues: 30 striking figures line the bridge (the originals are preserved in museums).
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Atmosphere: Enjoy buskers, artists, and beautiful views—best experienced early morning or late evening to avoid the crowds.
3. Old Town Square & Astronomical Clock
The lively heart of historic Prague.
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Architecture: Surrounded by Gothic, Baroque, and Romanesque gems, including the twin spires of the Church of Our Lady before Týn.
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Astronomical Clock: Dating to 1410, the hourly show features a mechanical parade of Apostles—more charming than cinematic, but steeped in history.
4. Jewish Quarter
Prague also has a large Jewish Quarter. As was the case with most of Europe, the Jewish population was thriving until Fascism took over. Many Jews died during the Holocaust and then during communism. Fortunately, parts of the Jewish quarter survived:
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Old-New Synagogue: Europe’s oldest active synagogue.
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Jewish Museum & Cemetery: The cemetery’s layered gravestones and the synagogues tell a sobering yet essential story of survival and remembrance.
5. Lesser Town (Malá Strana)
Tucked beneath the castle, this peaceful district includes:
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St. Nicholas Church: A Baroque masterpiece with soaring frescoes and a grand organ.
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Lennon Wall: Covered in colorful graffiti since the 1980s, it’s a symbol of peace and free expression.
Recommended Day Trips from Prague
1. Kutná Hora
A UNESCO World Heritage site, once a booming medieval silver mining town that rivaled Prague in importance. Today, it offers visitors a haunting and fascinating look into Bohemia’s past.
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Sedlec Ossuary (Bone Church): Adorned with the bones of over 40,000 individuals arranged into chandeliers, crosses, and even a family crest. The result is one of the most unique and macabre chapels in the world.
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St. Barbara’s Church: A stunning Gothic cathedral built by miners and dedicated to their patron saint. It features intricate vaulting and breathtaking frescoes inside.
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Czech Museum of Silver & Medieval Mine: Don mining gear and explore a narrow underground tunnel that was once part of the town’s booming silver industry. This tour offers a real sense of medieval mining life and local wealth.
2. Karlštejn Castle
Built by Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century, this fairytale fortress served as a secure vault for the Imperial Crown Jewels and other holy relics. The steep walk up is worth it for the views and atmosphere alone.
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Karlštejn Castle Tour: Explore beautifully preserved rooms, the original chapel, and exhibitions that explain the history and legacy of one of Czechia’s most iconic castles.
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Surroundings: Enjoy scenic forested trails and charming local shops and cafes in the village below.
3. Český Krumlov
A fairy-tale town nestled in a bend of the Vltava River, and one of the most picturesque destinations in all of Europe.
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Český Krumlov Castle: Overlooks the town with grand Renaissance and Baroque halls, plus a rare 17th-century Baroque theater still in use today.
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Charming Old Town: Stroll through winding cobblestone lanes lined with colorful buildings, artisan shops, and riverside cafes. It’s a living museum you can wander freely.
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Stay Overnight (Optional): While doable as a long day trip, spending the night lets you experience the peaceful magic of the town after the tour buses leave.
Czech Culinary Delights
We can’t talk about a city and forget the food, right? Honestly, compared to many other European cuisines I've tried, I personally found traditional Czech food very unimpressive. However, there are definitely some staple dishes you'll encounter and should know about:
1. Goulash (Guláš)
You might think of Goulash as Hungarian (and it is!), but it's everywhere in Prague too. As my walking tour guide accurately pointed out, the Czech version often focuses heavily on the meat and onion gravy, sometimes skipping many of the vegetables found in Hungarian versions. It’s served more like very tender beef smothered in a rich sauce rather than a chunky stew.
2. Dumplings
Now, when you see 'dumplings' on a Czech menu, don't expect the filled pockets you find in Asia or even other parts of Europe. Here, dumplings typically refers to slices of steamed bread dumpling. It's quite plain and dense on its own, maybe even a bit dry, but its primary purpose is to be a perfect vehicle for soaking up copious amounts of that goulash gravy or other creamy sauces served with main dishes.
3. Czech Beer
While the food didn't personally blow me away, the Czech Republic's reputation for beer is legendary and well-deserved. They boast the highest beer consumption per capita globally for a reason! Trying local pilsners (like the original Pilsner Urquell or Budvar) is practically mandatory, and it's usually excellent and refreshingly affordable in local pubs (hospody).
Final Thoughts
Prague seamlessly blends historical grandeur with modern vibrancy. Its stunning architecture spans centuries, the history is palpable on every corner, the Vltava river provides a beautiful backdrop, and the sheer scale of sights like Prague Castle is incredible. Add easily accessible and fascinating day trips, and legendary beer, and it's easy to see why so many (including me!) rank Prague among their absolute favorite European destinations. Don't miss it!
If you enjoyed Prague, check out my Budapest Travel Guide for another Central European gem!
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